Sheen, B.(2010) Steve Jobs, Lucent Books, 95pp
https://archive.org/details/BarbaraSheenSteveJobsPeopleInTheNews
pdf版
History and Theory of Computer by 佐野研究室
Sheen, B.(2010) Steve Jobs, Lucent Books, 95pp
https://archive.org/details/BarbaraSheenSteveJobsPeopleInTheNews
pdf版
Howard Falk (1974) “Computers: Microcomputer software makes its debut,” IEEE Spectrum IEEE Spectrum, Octover 1974,pp.78-84, DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.1974.6366690のp80のSome currently available microcomputer softwareの表では利用可能なCross-Assembler、Self-Assembler、Editorが下記のようになっている。
Microcomputer Systems | Cross-Assembler | Self-Assembler | Editor |
Intel MCS-4 MCS-S MCS-80 |
Written in ANSI standard Fortran IV; source deck, $1250; now used on many systems, including IBM, CDC, and Univac, Time-sharing versions now up on several commercial systems. Offers macro and conditional assembly capabilities |
Versions for MCS-8 an -80 are compatible with the cross-assemblers. MCS-4 version is not compatible.Available only to development system users. No charge |
Editors run on MCS-8 and -80. Manipulate strings, search, and substitute. Available only to development system users. No charge |
Motorola Semiconductor Products MC6800 |
Runs on Tymshare system ; macro capabilities are in development None |
None | Source statemen text editor runs on GE Tymshare system |
DEC LSI-11
NOVAもmicroNOVAとしてLSI化(Fairchild Semiconductor社が製造)=ワンボードプロセッサー化され、DECのPDP-11はLSI-11としてLSI化=ワンボードプロセッサー化された。
DECのPDP-11というミニコンピュータには「多数のユーザがいて、多くのソフトウェア資産やハードウェア資産があり、新興勢力のマイクロコンピュータ勢とは貯えているものが違」ったが、そうしたのである。
ミニコンのCPUのLSI化に関するnkomatus氏の次のような記述はとても興味深い。
同様の記述は下記にもある。
Any large computer | 51% |
Any minicomputer | 59% |
Motorola 6800 | 23% |
MOS Technology 6502 | 11% |
Intel 8080 | 42% |
Zilog Z-80 | 8% |
Intersil IM6100 | 5% |
Digital Equipment LSI-11 | 13% |
RCA 1802 | 4% |
Signetics 2650 | 2% |
National PACE | 4% |
Byte,January 1976, Vol.1 No.11, p.41 | Byte,January 1977, Vol.2 No.3, p.66 |
インテルマイクロプロセッサ誕生25周年を記念して製作された、インテルの歴史的事項に関わる「著名人へのインタビュー(Interviews)」の日本語版や、「インタラクティブ・ヒストリー(http://www.intel.co.jp/jp/intel/museum/iwh/iwh_main.htm)は2002.10.20現在では残念なことに見ることができない。
Approximate Cost of Computing Systems(Basic or Typical System)
Cost | System | |
1,000 | PERK I II | |
1,000 | PERK I II | |
6,000 | IBM 632 | |
9,650 | MONROBOT IX | |
15,000 | HRB SINGER | |
17,000 to 20,000 | ITT BANK LN PROC | |
18,000 | DE 60 | |
19,195 | SPEC | |
20,000 | GEOTECH AUTOMATIC | |
20,000 | MAGNEFILE B | |
22,500 | ELECOM 50 | |
24,500 | MONROBOT XI | |
29,750 | BURROUGHS E 101 | |
29,750 | BURROUGHS E 102 | |
29,750 | BURROUGHS E 103 | |
36,000 | IBM 609 | |
40,500 | PACKARD BELL 250 | |
45,000 | DISTRIBUTAPE | |
49,500 | BENDIX G 15 | |
49,500 | LPG 30 | |
50,000 | ALWAC II | |
50,000 | HAMPSHIRE CCC 500 | |
50,000 | MAGNEPILE D | |
50,000 | TRICE | |
50,000 to 100,000 | HAMPSHIRE TRTDS 932 | |
55,000 | BENDIX D 12 | |
55,000 | IBM 610 | |
56,300 | NATIONAL 390 | |
60,000 | CDC 160 | |
60,000 | ELECOM 100 | |
64,000 | IBM 1620 | |
65,000 | NATIONAL 102 D | |
70,000 | NATIONAL 102 A | |
70,000 | READIX | |
75,000 | IBM CPC | |
75,000 | UNIVAC 60 | |
76,950 | ALWAC III E | |
80,000 | AN/MJQ 1 REDSTONE | |
80,000 | CIRCLE | |
82,500 | NATIONAL 315 | |
84,500 | LIBRATROL 500 | |
85,000 | MINIAC II | |
85,000 | MODAC 5014 | |
85,200 | GENERAL ELECTRIC 312 | |
86,074 | MONROBOT V | |
87,500 | RPC 4OOO | |
95,000 | RECOMP II | |
97,000 | ELECOM 120 | |
97,500 | UNIVAC 120 | |
98,000 | RW 300 | |
100,000 | MODAC 404 | |
100,000 | PENNSTAC | |
110,000 | PROGRAMMED DATA PROCESSOR | |
120,000 | MODAC 410 | |
120,000 | RPC 9000 | |
125,600 | IBM 1401 | |
127,000 | FOSDIC | |
141,980 | GENERAL MILLS AD/ECS | |
150,000 | MODAC 414 | |
155,000 | ELECOM 125 125FP | |
160,000 | BURROUGHS D 204 | |
167,850 | IBM 305 RAMAC | |
170,000 | HOHEYWELL 290 | |
175,000 | UNIVAC STEP | |
182,000 | IBM 65O RAMAC TAPES | |
185,000 | OARAC | |
196,000 | RCA 301 | |
200,000 | BURROUGHS 204 | |
200,000 | BURROUGHS 205 | |
200,000 | GENERAL ELECTRIC 225 | |
200,000 | RASTAC | |
200,000 | RASTAD | |
225,000 | GENERAL ELECTRIC 210 | |
225,000 | NUMERICORD | |
230,000 | IBM 701 | |
250,000 | MANIAC I | |
257,000 | RCA 501 | |
300,000 | ILLIAC | |
300,000 | TELEREGISTER MAGNET INVENT CONT | |
300,000 | UNIVAC FILE 1 | |
300,000 | UNIVAC FILE 0 | |
320,000 | BURROUGHS 220 | |
347,500 | UNIVAC SOLID STATE 8O/9O | |
350,000 | MANIAC II | |
350,000 | UNIVERSAL DATA TRANS | |
354,000 | LOGISTICS | |
358,000 | IBM 702 | |
366,600 | NATIONAL 304 | |
400,000 | RICE UNIVERSITY | |
400,000 | SWAC | |
467,000 | EDVAC | |
478,000 | BENDIX G 20 | |
500,000 | AN/TYK 6V BASICPAC | |
500,000 | GEORGE | |
500,000 | UDEC I II III | |
500,000 (Donated) | UNIVAC 1101 | |
600,000 | MERLIN | |
600,000 | BORDEN VOTE TALLY | |
600,000 | ORDVAC | |
700,000 | UNIVAC III | |
750,000 | CDC 1604 | |
750,000 | UNIVAC I | |
800,000 | AF/CRC | |
813,250 | IBM 7070 | |
839,700 | RCA 601 | |
895,000 | UNIVAC 1103 1103A | |
970,000 | UNIVAC II | |
975,000 | HONEYWELL 800 | |
1,000,000 | ITT SPES 025 | |
1,000,000 | LINCOLN CG 24 | |
1,000,000 | NATIONAL 107 | |
1,284,350 | IBM 7074 | |
1,400,000 | UNIVAC 1102 | |
1,500,000 | NAREC | |
1,500,000 | UNIVAC 490 | |
1,600,000 | PHILCO CXPQ | |
1,640,000 | IBM 705 I I1 | |
1,800,000 to 2,700,000 | UNIVAC 1107 | |
1,932,000 | UNIVAC 1105 | |
1,994,000 (Excluding Discount) | IBM 704 | |
2,000,000 | BRLESC | |
2,179,100 | DATAMATIC 1000 | |
2,200,000 | IBM 7080 | |
2,500,000 | NORC | |
2,650,000 | IBM 709 | |
2,898,000 | IBM 7090 | |
4,500,000 | BIZMAC I | |
6,000,000 | UNIVAC LARC |
Chronological Order of Initial Date of Operation of Computing Systems
最初の稼働時期(Initial Date of Operation) | コンピュータ・システム名称(System) | |
May 1950 | SEAC | |
1950 | WHIRLWIND II | |
Mar 1951 | SWAC | |
Mar 1951 | UNIVAC I | |
1951 | EDVAC | |
Mar 1952 | MANIAC I | |
Mar 1952 | ORDVAC | |
Sep 1952 | ILLIAC | |
1952 | ELECOM 100 | |
Mar 1955 | LOGISTICS | |
Apr 1955 | QARAC | |
May 1953 | IBM 701 | |
Aug 1953 | MAGNEFILE D | |
Aug 1953 | UNIVAC 1103 1103 A | |
Dec 1953 | UDEC I II III | |
1953 | IBM 604 | |
1953 | NATIONAL 102 A | |
Feb 1954 | MAGNEFILE B | |
Mar 1954 | JOHNNIAC | |
Apr 1954 | DYSEAC | |
Jun 1954 | ALWAC II | |
Jun 1954 | CIRCLE | |
Jul 1954 | MODAC 5011* | |
Sep 1954 | MODAC 1*04 | |
1954 | BENDIX D 12 | |
1954 | BURROUGHS 204 | |
1954 | BURROUGHS 205 | |
1954 | IBM 650 RAMAC TAPES | |
1954 | LGP 30 | |
1954 | WISC | |
Feb 1955 | IBM 702 | |
Feb 1955 | MONROBOT III | |
Feb 1955 | NORC | |
Mar 1955 | MINIAC II | |
Mar 1955 | MONROBOT V | |
Aug 1955 | UNIVAC 1101 | |
Nov 1955 | BIZMAC I | |
1955 | ALWAC III E | |
1955 | BURROUGHS E 101 | |
1955 | IBM 705 I II | |
1955 | MODAC 410 | |
1955 | PENNSTAC | |
1955 | UNIVAC 60 | |
1955 | UNIVAC 120 | |
1955 | UNIVAC 1102 | |
Feb 1956 | READLX | |
Apr 1956 | AF/CRC | |
Apr 1956 | IBM 704 | |
Oct 1956 | MODAC 414 | |
1956 | BENDIX G 15 | |
1956 | BIZMAC II | |
1956 | ELECOM 50 | |
1956 | ELECOM 120 | |
1956 | ELECOM 125 125FP | |
1956 | IBM 608 | |
1956 | LEPRECHAUN | |
1956 | MONROBOT MU | |
1956 | NAREC | |
1956 | PHILCO 1000 | |
1956 | RECOMP I CP 266 | |
1956 | TELEREGISTER MAGNET INVENT CONT | |
Sep 1957 | GEORGE | |
Sep 1957 | UNIVAC FILE 0 | |
Nov 1957 | AN/FSQ 7 AN/FSQ 8 (SAGE) | |
1957 | IBM 709 | |
1957 | LINCOLN TX 0 | |
1957 | MANIAC II | |
1957 | PHILCO 2000 | |
May 1958 | UNIVAC II | |
Sep 1958 | AN/MJQ 1 REDSTONE | |
1958 | IBM 610 | |
1958 | LINCOLN TX 2 | |
1958 | WRU SEARCHING SELECTOR | |
Jan 1959 | RCA 501 | |
Feb 1959 | BURROUGHS 220 | |
Feb 1959 | UNIVAC 1105 | |
Jul 1959 | GE 100 ERMA | |
Sep 1959 | FOSDIC | |
Nov 1959 | NATIONAL 304 | |
1959 | AN/TYK 6v BASICPAC | |
1959 | GENERAL ELECTRIC 210 | |
1959 | LIBRASCOPE AIR TRAFFIC | |
1959 | LIBRASCOPE ASN 24 | |
1959 | RASTAD | |
1959 | RFC 9000 | |
1959 | BW JOO | |
1959 | TRICE | |
1959 | UNIVAC SOLID STATE 80/90 | |
Jan 1960 | CDC 1604 | |
Jan 1960 | HUGHES BM GUIDANCE | |
Jan 1960 | UNIVERSAL DATA TRANS | |
Apr 1960 | SYLVANIA UDOFTT | |
Apr 1960 | UNIVAC LARC | |
Aug 1960 | BENDDC CUBIC TRACKER | |
Oct 1960 | BURROUGHS D 209 | |
1960 | AMOS IV | |
1960 | AN/USQ 20 | |
1960 | CUBIC AIR TRAFFIC | |
1960 | CUBIC TRACKER | |
1960 | DIANA | |
1960 | FADAC | |
1960 | GENERAL ELECTRIC 225 | |
1960 | GENERAL MILLS APSAC | |
1960 | GENERAL MILLS AD/ECS | |
1960 | GENERAL ELECTRIC 312 | |
1960 | HAMPSHIRE TRTDS 9J2 | |
1960 | HRB SINGER | |
1960 | HONEYWELL SCO | |
1960 | HUGHES DIGITAIR | |
1960 | INTELEX AIRLINE RESERVATION | |
1960 | IBM 1401 | |
1960 | IBM 1410 | |
1960 | IBM 7070 | |
1960 | IBM 7080 | |
1960 | IBM 7090 | |
1960 | IBM STRETCH | |
1960 | LEEDS NORTHROP 3000 | |
1960 | LIBRASCOPE MK 130 | |
1960 | LIBRASCOPE 407 | |
1960 | LIBRATROL 1000 | |
1960 | LITTON DATA ASSESSOR | |
1960 | MANIAC III | |
1960 | MERLIN | |
1960 | MOBIDIC A | |
1960 | MOBIDIC B | |
1960 | MOBIDIC C D & 7A | |
1960 | NATIONAL 315 | |
1960 | NATIONAL 390 | |
1960 | NORDEN VOTE TALLY | |
1960 | ORACLE | |
1960 | PACKARD BELL 250 | |
1960 | PERK I II | |
1960 | PHILCO 3000 | |
1960 | PROGRAMMED DATA PROCESSOR | |
1960 | RCA 200 | |
1960 | RCA 300 | |
1960 | RFC 4000 | |
1960 | RASTAC | |
1960 | RW 400 | |
1960 | REPAC | |
1960 | SCRIBE | |
1960 | SPEC | |
1960 | STORED PROGRAM DBA | |
1960 | SYLVANIA S 9400 | |
1960 | TARGET INTERCEPT | |
1960 | UNIVAC III | |
1960 | UNIVAC STEP | |
1960 | WESTINGHOUSE AIRBORNE | |
Apr 1961 | BRLESC | |
Jul 1961 | RCA 601 | |
Kov 1961 | UNIVAC 490 | |
1961 | AN/TYK 7v INFORMER | |
1961 | IBM 7074 | |
1961 | ITT BANK LN PROC | |
1961 | ITT SPES 025 | |
1961 | OKLAHOMA UNIV | |
1961 | RCA 110 | |
1961 | RICE UNIVERSITY | |
1962 | UNIVAC 1107 |